Whether "Hits from the Bong" or "Purple Haze," the cannabis world is familiar with the terms "Sativa" and "Indica." But science is increasingly questioning these traditional categories. Recent studies clearly demonstrate that this distinction is scientifically untenable.
But where do the terms “Sativa” and “Indica” come from?
Hemp is one of humanity's oldest cultivated and useful plants. Despite its long history, the exact origin of cannabis remains unclear. Due to a lack of fossil evidence, it is difficult to determine its exact origin. However, studies suggest that cannabis originated in southwest China.
The Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis categories have evolved over centuries. Sativa plants are tall and slender, grow in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America, and are known for their euphoric effects. Indica plants are more compact and originate from Central Asia and India. They are primarily valued for their sedative effects. Ruderalis is a wild, robust subspecies that is particularly resilient and often flowers automatically.
Where do the terms “Sativa” and “Indica” come from?
In the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus originally classified cannabis as Cannabis sativa. Later, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck described Cannabis indica as a separate species based on morphological differences. These distinctions have remained popular to this day, although they are scientifically outdated.
The latest scientific findings
New studies show that the terms "sativa" and "indica" have little genetic significance. Researchers at the University of British Columbia and the Dutch company Bedrocan found that terpenes are more important in determining the effects of cannabis. Terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, and linalool significantly influence the aroma and effects of various cannabis strains.
A study by Bedrocan confirms that there is no genetic basis for the traditional sativa/indica classification. Similarly, a large-scale study from 2022 shows that the chemical composition of cannabis does not correspond to the categories "indica," "sativa," or "hybrid."
The most important terpenes and their effects:
- Myrcene: calming and relaxing
- Limonene: mood-enhancing and stress-relieving
- Linalool: calming and relaxing
- Pinene: promotes focus and memory
- Caryophyllene: anti-inflammatory and stress-reducing
Conclusion: The future belongs to terpenes
The distinction between indica and sativa is outdated. Terpenes play a much larger role in the effects of cannabis. In the future, both consumers and producers will have to rely more on terpene profiles to achieve the desired effects.
